Context It is unknown whether intensive lifestyle modification (ILS) or metformin change sex steroids among premenopausal women without a history of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).

Objectives To examine one-year intervention impact upon sex steroids (estradiol, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and androstenedione [A4]) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and differences by race/ethnicity

Participants A subgroup of Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) participants who were premenopausal, not using estrogen, without a history of PCOS or irregular menses, and who reported non-Hispanic white (NHW), Hispanic, or African-American race/ethnicity (n=301).

Interventions Randomization arms were: 1) ILS with the goals of weight reduction of 7% of initial weight and 150 minutes per week of moderate intensity exercise, 2) metformin 850 mg twice a day, or 3) placebo.  Read more

Background and Purpose—We previously reported increased incidence of ischemic stroke among both blacks and whites with diabetes mellitus, especially in those aged <55 years. With rising prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the past decade, we revisit the impact of diabetes mellitus on stroke incidence in the same population (≈1.3 million) 5 and 10 years later.

Methods—This is a population-based study. First ischemic strokes among black and white residents of the 5-county Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky region, aged ≥20 years, for periods 7/1993 to 6/1994, 1999, and 2005, were included in this analysis. Incidence rates were adjusted for sex, race, and age, as appropriate, to the 2000 US population.  Read more

OBJECTIVE The 200 units/mL formulation of insulin degludec (IDeg 200 units/mL) contains equal units of insulin in half the volume compared with the 100 units/mL formulation. We compared the efficacy and safety of IDeg 200 units/mL once daily with 100 units/mL insulin glargine (IGlar) in insulin-naïve subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) inadequately controlled with oral antidiabetic drugs.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In this 26-week, open-label, treat-to-target trial, subjects (n = 457; mean HbA_1c 8.3% [67 mmol/mol], BMI 32.4 kg/m², and fasting plasma glucose [FPG] 9.6 mmol/L [173.2 mg/dL]) were randomized to IDeg 200 units/mL or IGlar, both given once daily in combination with metformin with or without a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor.  Read more

OBJECTIVE To compare efficacy and safety of lixisenatide once daily versus exenatide twice daily in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Adults with diabetes inadequately controlled (HbA_1c 7–10%) with metformin were randomized to lixisenatide 20 μg once daily (n = 318) or exenatide 10 μg twice daily (n = 316) in a 24-week (main period), open-label, parallel-group, multicenter study. The primary objective was a noninferiority assessment of lixisenatide versus exenatide in HbA_1c change from baseline to week 24.  Read more

OBJECTIVE To assess the feasibility of using a disposable, self-administered, capillary blood sampling oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) device in a community setting.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Eighteen healthy and 12 type 2 diabetic volunteers underwent six 75-g OGTTs using a prototype device in the following three settings: unaided at home (twice); unaided but observed in clinic (twice); and performed by a nurse with simultaneous laboratory glucose assays of 0- and 120-min venous plasma samples (twice). The device displayed no results. A detachable data recorder returned to the clinic provided plasma-equivalent 0- and 120-min glucose values and key parameters, including test date, start and end times, and time taken to consume the glucose drink.  Read more