ADA: 7/8/14
At nearly 16 percent, American Indians and Alaska Natives have the highest age-adjusted prevalence of diabetes among all U.S. racial and ethnic groups. Read More
Springer: July 2014
It is believed that diabetes risk scores need to be ethnic specific. However, this prerequisite has not been tested. We examined the performance of several risk models, developed in various populations, in a Europid and a South Asian population. The performance of 14 published risk prediction models were tested in two prospective studies: the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study and the Mauritius non-communicable diseases survey. Eight models were developed in Europid populations; the remainder in various non-Europid populations. Model performance was assessed using area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (discrimination), Hosmer–Lemeshow tests (goodness-of-fit) and Brier scores (accuracy). In both AusDiab and Mauritius, discrimination was highest for a model developed in a mixed population (non-Hispanic white and African American) and lowest for a model developed in a Europid population. Read More
Springer: July 2014
MTNR1B is a type 2 diabetes susceptibility locus associated with cross-sectional measures of insulin secretion. We hypothesised that variation in MTNR1B contributes to the absolute level of a diabetes-related trait, temporal rate of change in that trait, or both.
We tested rs10830963 for association with cross-sectional diabetes-related traits in up to 1,383 individuals or with rate of change in the same phenotypes over a 3–5 year follow-up in up to 374 individuals from the family-based BetaGene study of Mexican Americans. Read More
Ingentaconnec: 6/1/14
The highest prevalence of low vitamin D levels are among Hispanics and non-Hispanic Blacks. Evidence suggests that low vitamin D levels may contribute to increased risk for diabetes and its complications. Hispanics are at greater risk for vitamin D deficiency. To address the relationship between vitamin D, diabetes, and Hispanics, this research is described. Evidence supports an association between low vitamin D and risk for diabetes, but there remains insufficient evidence to suggest whether treatment of low vitamin D can prevent or improve diabetes. In addition, there is limited research regarding vitamin D deficiency in the Hispanic population. Factors such as obesity, dark skin pigmentation, northern geographical latitude, and prevalence of renal insufficiency may place Hispanics at greater risk for low vitamin D levels. Nurses need to understand the signs and symptoms of vitamin D deficiency and treatment recommendation guidelines, which are also described. This information will allow nurses to improve the health outcomes and decrease the disparities amongst adult Hispanics with diabetes. Read More
Diabetes Care June 29, 2014
OBJECTIVE To compare the relationship between adiposity and prevalent diabetes across ethnic groups in the UK Biobank cohort and to derive ethnic-specific obesity cutoffs that equate to those developed on white populations in terms of diabetes prevalence.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS UK Biobank recruited 502,682 U.K. residents aged 40–69 years. We used baseline data on the 490,288 participants from the four largest ethnic subgroups: 471,174 (96.1%) white, 9,631 (2.0%) South Asian, 7,949 (1.6%) black, and 1,534 (0.3%) Chinese. Regression models were developed for the association between anthropometric measures (BMI, waist circumference, percentage body fat, and waist-to-hip ratio) and prevalent diabetes, stratified by sex and adjusted for age, physical activity, socioeconomic status, and heart disease. Read More
Diabetes Care June 26, 2014
OBJECTIVE To determine whether dietary patterns associated with food insecurity are associated with poor longitudinal glycemic control.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a prospective, population-based, longitudinal cohort study, we ascertained food security (Food Security Survey Module), dietary pattern (Healthy Eating Index 2005 [HEI 2005]), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in Puerto Rican adults aged 45–75 years with diabetes at baseline (2004–2009) and HbA1c at ∼2 years follow-up (2006–2012). We determined associations between food insecurity and dietary pattern and assessed whether those dietary patterns were associated with poorer HbA1c concentration over time, using multivariable-adjusted repeated subjects mixed-effects models. Read More
Wiley: 19 JUN 2014
Type 2 diabetes is considered a public health crisis, particularly among people of Mexican descent in the United States. Clinical approaches to diabetes management increasingly emphasize self-care, which places responsibility for illness on individuals and mandates self-regulation. Using narrative and free-list data from a two-phase study of low-income first- and second-generation Mexican immigrants living with diabetes, we present evidence that self-care among our participants involves emotion regulation as well as maintenance of and care for family. These findings suggest, in turn, that the ideology of selfhood on which these practices are based does not correspond with the ideology of selfhood cultivated in the U.S. clinical sphere. Divergence between these ideologies may lead to self-conflict for patients and the experience of moral blame. We argue that our participants use their explanations of diabetes causality and control as a form of self-making, which both resists such blame and asserts an alternative form of selfhood that may align more closely with the values held by our Mexican-American participants. Read More
 |
